Bratislava, Slovakia – Slovakia has officially amended its constitution to recognize only two sexes—male and female. The move, passed with 90 votes in favor out of 150 in the National Council, has sparked both domestic support and international concern. The amendment marks a major shift in the nation’s legal framework regarding gender, family rights, and LGBTQ+ recognition.
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What Happened
The amendment states that:
“The Slovak Republic recognizes only two sexes … which are biologically determined.”
This decision enshrines a strictly binary understanding of gender in the Slovak Constitution. Alongside this recognition, the amendment introduces major restrictions:
- Adoption rights are limited to married heterosexual couples.
- Surrogacy is banned, restricting alternative family planning options.
Political Reactions
Prime Minister Robert Fico, who supported the constitutional change, described it as a reflection of Slovakia’s “traditions, cultural and spiritual heritage.” He further said it is a “constitutional obstacle against progressive politics” and a return to “common sense.”
Supporters argue that the change protects national identity and cultural values. However, critics see it as a setback for gender equality and LGBTQ+ rights, warning that it may foster exclusion and discrimination.
International Concerns
The Venice Commission, an advisory body of the Council of Europe, issued a warning about the amendment.
- It emphasized that definitions of national identity and cultural values must not conflict with Slovakia’s international human rights obligations.
- Concerns were raised that the constitutional change could justify future discrimination against people based on sexual orientation or gender identity.
- The Commission urged Slovakia to align the amendment with international standards of non-discrimination and equality.
What Happens Next
With the constitutional change now in place, its long-term impact on LGBTQ+ rights, adoption laws, and family planning will unfold gradually. The Venice Commission’s warning also signals the possibility of international legal challenges if Slovakia is found to be violating human rights agreements.
Conclusion
Slovakia’s decision to recognize only two genders marks a significant turning point in the country’s social and legal landscape. While the government views it as a defense of tradition and national identity, human rights groups and international organizations warn of potential consequences for equality and inclusion. The debate over gender, rights, and identity in Slovakia is likely to continue, shaping the nation’s future policies and international standing.